Martindale Abrasion cum Pilling Tester provides a means of determination of the abrasion as well as pilling resistance of all knitted, woven, non-woven, non-woven and coated fabrics.
1. FOR ABRASION
The equipment is designed to subject specimens under test to a controlled amount of rubbing at comparatively lows pressures and in continuously changing directions to ensure that all surface fibers on the specimens are flexed in order to compare the resistance of fabrics to abrasion.
Under this test, the circular specimen of fabric are rubbed against a standard Abradant, under a known pressure and the resistance to abrasion in determined by the number of rubs to breakdown or by the loss in the mass of specimens.
Up to 4 specimens are tested simultaneously. Each one is prepared and mounted separately in a Specimen Holder. To improve even wear, specimen lighter than 500g/m2, are backed with a standard Polyurethane foam. The Abradant material (Standard Felt & Abradant Fabric), against which the specimen is rubbed, is clamped tightly over the abrading Plateform to prevent possible metal-to-metal contact.
The Path traced by the test specimens over the Abradant is known as Lissajous figure. It changes from a circle to gradually narrowing ellipses, until it becomes a straight line, from which progressively widening ellipses develop, in a diagonally opposite direction, before the pattern is repeated. This continuously changing movement insure that the surface fibres of the specimens are fixed in every direction.
2. FOR PILLING
The method of testing for pilling is suitable for knitted and woven fabrics, made from Staple spun yarn.
The stroke of the top plate is reduced from 60.5 to 24 mm. The area of the exposed Specimen is 64 cm2, the holders esurts a pressure of 2.5 CN/cm2 (Knitted).
Using the Lissajous motion, three pairs of the specimens are rubbed against each other for 125,500 and 2000 revolution respectively. The test takes about 40 minutes the degree of pilling is assessed against photographic standard.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS OF MARTINDALE ABRASION &PILLING TESTER
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ABRASION
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PILLING
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Scope
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Flat Woven, Knitted and certain non woven fabrics.
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Flat Woven, Knitted and certain non woven fabrics.
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No. of Specimens
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1 – 4
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1 – 4
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Exposed area of test specimen
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6.45 cm square
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6.45 cm square
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Working pressure on test specimen
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9 kpa (apparel)
12 kpa (upholstery)
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3 kpa (ASTM D 4970)
9 kpa (BS 5690)
12 kpa (BS 5690)
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Rotational speed of outer pegs
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47.5 + 2.5 r/min
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47.5 + 2.5 r/min+
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Drive (speed) ratio of outer pegs : inner pegs
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32:34
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32:34
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Total Stroke of outer and inner pegs
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60.5 + 0.5 mm
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24.0 + 0.5 mm
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Circumferential parallelism of sample holders to abrading tables
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+0.05 mm
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+0.05 mm
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4. STANDARD ACCESSORIES WITH MARTINDALE ABRASION CUM PILLING TESTER
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S.No.
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ITEMS
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QUANTITY
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1
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Platform Clamping Rings
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4 pcs.
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2
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Fixing Nuts for Rings
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16 pcs.
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3
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Specimen Holders
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4 pcs.
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4
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Weights – 12 kpa & 9 kpa
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4 pcs. Each
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5
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SS Balls
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3 pcs.
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6
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Loading pins
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4 pcs.
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7
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Lissajons figure marker pins
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4pcs.
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8
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Sample cutter 140 mm and 38 mm Dia
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1 each
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9
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Rubber Pads
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2 nos.
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10
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Unceasing Load (Big & Small)
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1 each
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11
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Handle for above
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2 nos.
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12
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Standard Abrading Felt
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4 nos.
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13
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Standard PU Foam
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4 pcs.
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5. STANDARD INVOLVED
BS 3424/5690
ISO 5470
DIN 52863/53865
IWTO 40 – 88
BSEN 388/530
BSEN ISO 12947 –1
ISWTN 112/196
BSEN ISO 12945 – 2
ASTM 4966/4970
IS 12673
JIS L 1096
M & S P17, P19, P19B
SFS 4328
